Cultivation and Care of Buddha’s Hand (Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis)

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Introduction

Buddha’s Hand, scientifically known as Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis, is a unique fruit-bearing tree belonging to the citrus genus. Its name derives from the distinctive shape of its fruit, which resembles a hand in a gesture of blessing. In Vietnamese culture, Buddha’s Hand holds significant meaning, symbolizing the welcoming of esteemed guests and bringing peace to the home. The fragrant, delicate aroma of its fruit plays an essential role in the traditional five-fruit tray displayed during Tet celebrations, highlighting its cultural and spiritual value.

Importance in Vietnamese Culture

Buddha’s Hand fruit is not only consumed fresh but is also used in making preserves. Its presence in the Tet fruit tray is believed to attract prosperity and good fortune. In recent years, the increasing demand for Buddha’s Hand has led to a surge in its market value, making it a lucrative crop for many farmers.

1. Description of the Variety

• Scientific Name: Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis
• Characteristics: This small tree typically grows between 2 to 2.5 meters tall and produces flowers and fruit throughout the year.
• Economic Value: With the rising popularity of Buddha’s Hand, growers have witnessed significant economic benefits, especially in regions specializing in its cultivation.

2. Cultivation Techniques

Planting Season

Buddha’s Hand can be planted year-round, but the optimal times are:

• Spring (February – March)
• Autumn (August – October)

Planting Density

• Spacing: Trees should be planted 3 meters apart, with rows spaced 4 meters apart.
• Planting Hole Size: 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6 meters.
• Soil Conditions: In low-lying areas, implement a comprehensive irrigation system and raise the planting beds 0.5 – 0.6 meters high. In flatter areas, mounds should be 0.3 – 0.8 meters high.

Soil Preparation

Mix the following for optimal soil conditions:

• 1 kg of lime
• 10-15 kg of well-rotted organic matter
• 10-15 kg of decomposed rice husk or coconut coir
• 1 kg of super phosphate

Planting Method

1. Dig a small hole in the mound.
2. Place the seedling into the hole and remove the bag.
3. Fill in the soil around the seedling to secure it.
4. Stake the plant to stabilize it.

Fertilization

Basal Fertilization

• Apply about 20 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per planting hole prior to planting.
• Ensure the planting hole is filled with a little soil before placing the seedling.

Top-Dressing

• In the first year, apply a diluted solution of 1 tablespoon of urea per 10 liters of water every 7-10 days.
• From the second year onwards, use 10-50 grams of urea per tree annually, divided into 3-4 applications.

Winter Protection

Buddha’s Hand is sensitive to cold; optimal temperatures range from 22°C to 26°C. Adjust watering frequency based on the season:

• Winter: Water every 3-4 days in cooler weather.
• Summer: Water daily during high temperatures.

Pruning and Training

Regular pruning is essential to remove excessive growth and diseased branches. This not only maintains a healthy structure but also enhances photosynthesis and overall tree balance.

Soil Supplementation

During fertilization periods, add a 2-3 cm layer of fresh soil around the tree’s base along with organic or chemical fertilizers.

3. Pest and Disease Management

• Leaf Miners: Control during new leaf growth with systemic insecticides like Sevin 80WP or Padan 95SP.
• Aphids: Target these pests, especially when they transmit yellow leaf diseases, using products such as Admire or Basan.
• Red Spider Mites: Manage using pesticides like Confidor or Kelthane.
• Fungal Diseases: Use copper-based fungicides to control diseases such as leaf spot and root rot.

4. Harvesting

Harvest Buddha’s Hand fruit when it turns bright yellow. It is advisable to harvest during cooler weather, avoiding collection after rain or heavy dew to prevent spoilage.

Conclusion

The cultivation of Buddha’s Hand presents both cultural significance and economic opportunity for farmers. With the proper techniques in planting, care, and pest management, growers can enjoy a fruitful harvest that not only enhances their agricultural portfolio but also contributes to the rich traditions of Vietnamese culture. By implementing these practices, the cultivation of Buddha’s Hand can yield a bountiful and meaningful result, ensuring its place in homes and celebrations for years to come